Born in Lourenço Marques (Mozambique), in 1939. HBA in Philosophy, from the School of Arts and Humanities of the University of Lisbon, and PhD in Sociology, from the University of Strasbourg. He taught at the universities of Aix-en-Provence, Pisa, Cologne, Johns Hopkins, and Brown. His bibliographical production includes studies on Eça de Queirós and the 70s Generation.